# Gen VI/VII Capture Mechanics

Thanks to magical for locating, analyzing and publishing the sixth-generation capture routine, SciresM for finding the ball bonuses for Gen VII, and Kaphotics and Trinket for later correction/verification.

Capturing in the sixth- and seventh-generation games is not much changed from the fifth generation, but brings back the four shake checks from the third- and fourth-generation games. If you'd rather read about the more different algorithms from the first two generations, see here or here. The catch rate calculator, which can calculate for you how likely you are to succeed in capturing a certain Pokémon, is here.

## The Catch Rate Formula

The game starts by calculating the final capture rate, in a manner essentially identical to the fifth-generation games:

X = (((3M - 2H) * G * C * B) / (3M)) * S * O

The variables involved are basically the same as in the fifth generation or analogous to them: current and maximum HP (H and M), the grass modifier (G), the intrinsic catch rate of the species (C), the ball bonus (B), the status condition if any (S), and the O-Power bonus (O, sixth-generation only).

### M (Max HP) and H (Current HP)

As usual, this is the maximum and current HP of the Pokémon being captured. When the Pokémon is at full health, X will equal just about G * C * B * S * O / 3, and lowering its HP will bring it down to something close to G * C * B * S * O.

### G (Grass Modifier)

I call this the grass modifier because it appears to be basically the exact same thing as the fifth-generation grass modifier, which would decrease the capture chance while in dark grass if you had too few Pokémon caught in your Pokédex. The sixth- and seventh-generation games don't include dark grass in quite the same sense as the fifth-generation games, however, and technically we don't yet know the exact condition that activates this part of the formula - the game checks the battle type/terrain (the same thing it checks to see if we get a bonus from the Dive Ball), but we don't know exactly what the value it tests for represents. From in-game testing, it's not OR/AS hidden Pokémon battles, long grass, or darker grass. If you have any ideas on what it could be, let me know and I will attempt to test it in-game.

In any case, when we're not in the unknown terrain/battle type, the formula skips applying this modifier - you can treat it as if the G value is 1. When we are in that terrain/battle type, however, the value is modified depending on how many species are registered as caught in your National Pokédex, the same way as in the fifth generation:

Number of species caughtModifier
More than 6004096/4096 (1)
451-6003686/4096 (~0.9)
301-4503277/4096 (~0.8)
151-3002867/4096 (~0.7)
31-1502048/4096 (0.5)
0-301229/4096 (~0.3)

So, all in all, in the mystery terrain, it is extremely difficult to catch Pokémon at the beginning of the game, when you've caught few Pokémon, and it only becomes as easy as normal when you have more than 600 Pokémon caught.

### C (Capture Rate)

This is the intrinsic capture rate of the Pokémon species you are attempting to capture, a number ranging from 3 (hard-to-catch legendaries) to 255 (common easy-to-catch mostly-early-game Pokémon). Generally, you can look these up in any decent online Pokédex; however, note that some legendaries' catch rates changed between X/Y and OR/AS, and not all Pokédexes updated the catch rates they listed. The basic idea is that legendaries that had been mandatory catches for the storyline in earlier games, and were therefore given a higher catch rate than normal, now have the regular legendary catch rate of 3: this includes Kyogre and Groudon (used to have a catch rate of 5) and Dialga, Palkia, Reshiram and Zekrom (used to have a catch rate of 30). Meanwhile, since Rayquaza is a mandatory storyline catch in OR/AS, Rayquaza's catch rate was bumped up to 45. These legendaries all retain their new OR/AS catch rates in the seventh generation.

Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon also changed some catch rates: the Ultra Beasts, which used to have drastically different catch rates (15 for Guzzlord; 25 for Buzzwole and Celesteela; 30 for Xurkitree; and 255 for Pheromosa and Kartana), now all have a catch rate of 45, while Necrozma, formerly with catch rate 3, gets catch rate 255(!) as a new mandatory storyline catch.

If you are using a Heavy Ball (but no other ball) in the seventh-generation games, this value may be modified according to the Pokémon's weight (actual Pokédex weight, discounting in-battle modifiers to weight such as the Heavy Metal or Light Metal abilities), as follows:

WeightModifier
>= 300 kg (661.38 lbs)+30
>= 200 kg, < 300 kg (440.92-661.38 lbs)+20
>= 100 kg, < 200 kg (220.46-440.92 lbs)+0
< 100 kg (220.46 lbs)-20

In Sun and Moon, if this results in a negative value, it is bumped up to 0; in Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon, if it's less than or equal to zero, it will be bumped up to 1. The change here is because in Sun and Moon, this made it possible to end up with an X value of zero, which meant zero overall chance of a capture, regardless of the other values in the formula. This is the reason you may have heard that a Beldum caught in a Heavy Ball must be hacked: Beldum's weight is under 100 kg (95 kg or 209.9 lbs) and its intrinsic catch rate is 3, meaning it gets the -20 penalty when you throw a Heavy Ball at it, and instead of the negative value being bumped back up to 1 as HG/SS, it would be set to 0 in Sun and Moon. Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon have fixed this, so now it is possible to obtain a Beldum in a Heavy Ball - though it's very unlikely.

### B (Ball Bonus)

Here's where the Pokéball you're using comes in, other than the Heavy Ball modifier explained above. This is a multiplier, determined by the ball you're using and any conditions that might affect the effectiveness of that ball.

In the seventh-generation games, if the Pokémon is an Ultra Beast (Nihilego, Buzzwole, Pheromosa, Xurkitree, Celesteela, Kartana, Guzzlord, Poipole, Naganadel, Stakataka or Blacephalon), the ball bonus will be specially overwritten with 410/4096 (~0.1) for any ball other than a Beast Ball, so disregard all of the below for those. (Note that Master Balls always succeed regardless; they have no ball bonus and in fact exit the capture routine early.)

Some of these multipliers changed in Gen VII; their Gen VI values are also noted below. These changes were made to rebalance balls - prior to Gen VII, for example, Dusk Balls were at least as good as and more practical than virtually any other type of ball, since they'd give a 3.5x bonus so long as you were playing at night, which made most other balls simply redundant. Now, there is a more sensible hierarchy of more narrowly specialized balls giving higher bonuses, with balls like Net Balls, Dive Balls and Repeat Balls being better than Dusk Balls when their bonuses apply.

Poké Ball, Premier Ball, Luxury Ball, Heal Ball, any ball not listed
B = 1
Great Ball
B = 1.5
Ultra Ball
B = 2
Master Ball
The formula is not used; the capture is always successful
Net Ball
(Gen VII) B = 3.5 if one of the Pokémon's types is Water or Bug; B = 1 otherwise
(Gen VI) B = 3 if one of the Pokémon's types is Water or Bug; B = 1 otherwise
Nest Ball
B = (((41 - Pokémon's level) / 10) if the Pokémon's level is less than 30; B = 1 otherwise (the bonus thus ranges from 4x for a hypothetical level 1 wild Pokémon down to 1.2x for a level 29 one, but is 1 for level 30+)
Dive Ball
B = 3.5 when on or in water; B = 1 otherwise
Repeat Ball
B = 3.5 if the Pokémon's species is already registered as caught in the Pokédex (3 in Gen VI); B = 1 otherwise
Timer Ball
B = 1 + (number of turns passed in battle * 1229/4096), maximum 4; since 1229/4096 is approximately 0.3, the bonus reaches its cap on the eleventh turn
Quick Ball
B = 5 on the first turn of a battle; B = 1 otherwise
Dusk Ball
(Gen VII) B = 3 at night and inside caves; B = 1 otherwise
(Gen VI) B = 3.5 at night and inside caves; B = 1 otherwise (note that Mirage Caves in OR/AS do not count as caves)
Fast Ball
B = 4 if the Pokémon's base Speed is 100 or more; B = 1 otherwise
Level Ball
B = 8 if your Pokémon's level divided by four and rounded down is greater than the target Pokémon's level; otherwise, B = 4 if your Pokémon's level divided by two and rounded down is greater than the target Pokémon's level; otherwise, B = 2 if your Pokémon's level is greater than that of the target Pokémon; B = 1 otherwise
Love Ball
B = 8 if the Pokémon is of the same species as your Pokémon but the opposite gender; B = 1 otherwise
Lure Ball
B = 5 when fishing; B = 1 otherwise
Moon Ball
B = 4 if the Pokémon belongs to a family that evolves by Moon Stone (those would be both Nidoran families, the Clefairy and Jigglypuff families, and the Skitty and Munna families); B = 1 otherwise
Beast Ball
B = 5 if the Pokémon is an Ultra Beast (Nihilego, Buzzwole, Pheromosa, Xurkitree, Celesteela, Kartana, Guzzlord, Poipole, Naganadel, Stakataka or Blacephalon); B = 410/4096 (~0.1) otherwise

### S (Status)

This is a modifier based on whether the Pokémon is afflicted with a status ailment. Like in the fifth generation, if the Pokémon is asleep or frozen, S = 2.5; if the Pokémon is poisoned, paralyzed or burned, S = 1.5; and otherwise, S = 1.

### O (O-Power/Roto Catch Bonus)

This value replaces the Entralink modifier of the fifth-generation games to factor in their sixth- and seventh-generation analogues. While Entralink Capture Powers could only provide a 30% bonus at the most, the Capture O-Powers in the sixth-generation games are considerably more effective: Capture Power Lv. 1 gives an O value of 1.5, Lv. 2 gives an O value of 2.0, and Lv. 3, S and MAX all give an O value of 2.5. In the seventh-generation games, the Roto Catch boost also gives an O value of 2.5. If no Capture Power or Roto Catch power is active, the O value is 1.

## Critical Captures

Critical captures are back from the fifth-generation games and work pretty much the same way as they did then. Sometimes a ball will make a whistling sound when thrown, shake once in mid-air, and then shake once on the ground before either breaking or successfully capturing the Pokémon. A critical capture is much more likely to succeed than a regular capture, as will be explained below. The chance that a given capture will be critical is calculated as follows:

"CC" = |__(min(255, X) * P) / 6__|

CC is then compared against a random number between 0 and 255 inclusive. If the random number is less than CC, the capture will be critical. Thus, the probability of a critical capture is CC / 256, and depends both on the already-calculated final capture rate X and on the Pokédex modifier (P).

### P (Pokédex Modifier)

Much like the grass modifier in the formula for X, this value depends on how many species of Pokémon you have caught:

Number of species caughtModifier
More than 6002.5
451-6002.0
301-4501.5
151-3001.0
31-1500.5
0-300

In other words, critical captures become likelier as you capture more Pokémon, making it just a touch easier to catch those last few, but are downright impossible at the beginning of the game, when 30 or fewer Pokémon have been caught.

## Throwing a Ball

So here's where we finally get to the part where something is a bit interestingly different from the fifth-generation games.

In Gen VI onwards, Pokéballs can break after zero, one, two or three wobbles again, like in the older games but unlike the fifth generation where they never broke after two. The change in the fifth generation happened because the game, effectively, only gave the Pokémon three chances to break out of the ball instead of four (I will explain how this works in a moment). However, this was a somewhat awkward change, because previously each failed breakout attempt would be represented by one visible wobble on the screen, while in the fifth-generation games the second failed breakout attempt would randomly seem to correspond to two visible wobbles.

The sixth-generation games fixed this awkwardness by giving the Pokémon four chances to break out again in non-critical captures, like in the third- and fourth-generation games. However, they also changed the way the breakout chance is calculated, so as to make the final success rate of a regular capture the same as in the fifth generation.

Specifically, if X is 255 or more, the capture will automatically succeed. However, otherwise a second number Y is calculated from X:

Y = |__65536 / (255 / X)^(3/16)__|

Note that the power of 3/16 you see there used to be a fourth root - a power of 1/4 - in the fifth-generation games. Here the value below the line is lower, meaning the Y value is higher.

Once Y has been determined, the Pokémon will make up to four attempts to break out of the ball, except in a critical capture, where it will only make one. For each attempt, a random number between 0 and 65535 inclusive is generated; if this random number is greater than or equal to Y, the Pokémon will break free. If every attempt fails (that is, if each of the random numbers is less than Y), the Pokémon is successfully caught; otherwise, in a regular capture the number of times the ball wobbles is equal to the number of failed tries the Pokémon made before it broke out, whereas in a critical capture you will always see the ball wobble once before it breaks.

The probability of a single random number being less than Y (that is, the probability that the breakout attempt will fail) is Y / 65536. Thus, the probability that all four attempts in a regular capture will fail is (Y / 65536)4. Plugging the Y formula into that tells us the regular capture chance is (X / 255)0.75, exactly the same as the fifth-generation chance. However, a critical capture succeeds if just one random number is less than Y, the chance of which is now equal to (X / 255)0.1875, rather than (X / 255)0.25 as in the fifth generation - in other words, while regular captures are equally likely to be successful as before, critical captures are now even more significantly more likely to succeed than regular captures.

The total probability of a successful capture equals the chance of a successful critical capture plus the chance of a successful normal capture: namely, (CC / 256) * (Y / 65536) + (1 - CC / 256) * (Y / 65536)4. There is no less cumbersome way to write that equation, I'm afraid; if you want to calculate your chances, you're better off using the calculator.

## Catch Rate Calculator

Oh, yeah, there's a calculator. The Gen VI/VII catch rate calculator will do all the math for you and tell you how likely you are to capture the Pokémon without you having to do any of these calculations yourself.